Lama+1

Gelpi. __Animal Rights and Experimentation__. September 1991 November 18, 2008. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1002980. Activists......
 * Animal Rights movement 1980's- AB
 * "The animal rightists are challenging physicians to show moral justification for the human exploitation of nature and the world of subhuman species." -AB
 * aroused public interest in the welfare of animals -AB
 * more legislation for experimented animals -AB
 * encouraged creation of commitees -AB

Facts
 * "Physicians and specialists in animal care seek to alleviate suffering and anxiety, and, as moderates, they may be able to bring both sides of the animal rights controversy together in a spirit of mutual tolerance and in the common cause of promoting both human and animal welfare." -AB
 * Animal Testing 101." __StopAnimalTests.com__. 2008. . 16 November, 2008. http://www.stopanimaltests.com/animalTesting101.asp.
 * "Animal experimentation is a multibillion-dollar industry fueled by massive public funding and involving a complex web of corporate, government, and university laboratories, cage and food manufacturers, and animal breeders, dealers, and transporters. The industry and its people profit because animals, who cannot defend themselves against abuse, are legally imprisoned and exploited." -AB || __Buzzle.com__. 2001-2008 November 13, 2008 [|www.buzzle.com/articles/animal-testing-pros.html].
 * estimted 20 million animals are tested and killed annually-TJ
 * 10% of the anilmals are not administered with adequate pain killers-TJ
 * testing on animals has helped develop vaccines for life threating diseases-TJ
 * animal act specifies no animal should be use if there are alternitives~MB
 * almost every medication marketed tested on animals~MB
 * less than 2% all human illnesses in record in animal kingdom~MB
 * drugs passed by animal test discarded useless to humans~MB
 * only 5-25% animal test and human results agreeable~MB
 * animals almost always used in cancer research~MB
 * never get human form of cancer~MB
 * almost 9% anaesthezied animlas in labs die~MB
 * 83% substances metabolized differently by animals and humans~MB
 * most medical experits agree animal test can not be safe for human piantients~MB
 * 88% of still births on record caused by drugs passed by animal test~MB
 * 40% of humans display side effects from perscriptions & most medications relesed post-animal test~MB
 * small % fatal illness and a negelagiable % of organic based illness caused by medications that have animal test~MB
 * science has on record 400 methods that can effectivley replace animal test~MB
 * at least 33 animals die in labs worldwide each second~MB

//AskDrScully.com//. 28 Aug. 2005. 13 Nov. 2008 http://www.askdrscully.com/​alpha_v.html. What is Vivisection?
 * The cutting or operation of a **__living__** animal for experimentation. -AB

Syufy, Franny. __about.com.__ 2008. 13 Nov. 2008 http://cats.about.com/​cs/​advocacy/​a/vivisection.htm. Is Vivisection successful? > > Dixon, Thomas. __Pros/Cons of Animal Experimentation__. Wednesday, June 28, 2000 International Debate Education Association. Pros > [|c_print.php?topicID=7].
 * According to about.com vivsection is never successful-AB
 * it is a means of advancing human medical science-AB
 * also say that the only really reliable source of __**human advancement and science**__ is using a **__human model__** -AB
 * animals not treated well LH
 * animals usually die LH
 * advocates overstated achievements LH
 * most experiments done on animals nothing like humans - rats and mice LH
 * The results not credible
 * 99% of genes shared with Chimpanzees LH
 * Slightly less from other monkeys LH
 * good for human reactions LH

__The Humane Society__. 2008 HSUS. November 14, 2008 http://www.hsus.org/animals_in_research/animal_testing/animal_testing_the_beginning_of_the_end.html.
 * over 115 million animals tested each year AB
 * 10 random human diseases- no benefit of testing AB
 * testing flawed and inhumane AB
 * Forced to eat, injected in eyes and bodies AB
 * Guinea pigs have been widely used in laboratories for skin allergy tests-TJ
 * thousands of chemicals can be testd at one time on an animal-TJ
 * Mice are injected with samples from each new batch of the toxin-TJ
 * The lethal dose 50% OR LD50 is then taken as a measure of a batch's strength-TJ

"Animal Experimentation." __Encarta__. 1993-2008. Microsoft. November 13, 2008 < [|http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761595482/Animal_Experimentation.html]>. biological process~MB causes of diseases~MB test drugs,vaccines,surgical techniques~MB evaluate safety of chemicals used in pesticides, cosmetics, other chemicals~MB Benifits ( why people say yes) Reason Why to Oppose tybanks, __Animal Testing: Pros and Cons__. April 19, 2005 November 14, 2008 . For >> >> __labratory animals__. the animal rights FAQ. 11/13/2008 . ||
 * Definition: the use of animals under controlled labotory conditions for a variety of scientific and medical purposees~MB
 * scientist use animals to investigate:~MB
 * many cases scientific, biomedical research can be performed on spcefic cells or tissues or bacteria~MB
 * some resarch better study on complex respones of animals~ MB
 * animals provide best models for experiments on processes like breathing, eating, digesting food, reproducing MB
 * practice goes back many centuries as early as 2 century AD~MB
 * Roman physician Galan experimented on pigs & apes~MB
 * 1600 English physician William Harvey studied worms, insects, fish, frogs~MB
 * expirmentation increased in 1800's~MB
 * 18 & 22 animals are used in US~MB
 * 90% rats, mice, & birds~MB
 * others primates, rabbits, pigs, hamsters, quinea pigs, dogs, & cats used~MB
 * raids between 1985 to 1990 exposed mistreament of animals & brought to public view~MB
 * treatments for heart diesase~MB
 * techniques & equipment for kidney dialysis~MB
 * more than 30 drugs for treating cancer~MB
 * antcancer radiation therapies~MB
 * Vaccines~MB
 * organ transplants~MB
 * blood transfusion~MB
 * microsurgey to reattch severed limbs~MB
 * Were all made possible by animal research
 * animals them self also benefited from expermitation on them~MB
 * animals used for todays most pressing illnesses like alzheimer's & AIDS~MB
 * "species that can feel pian & suffering human & animal deserve conideration" Pete Singer~MB
 * animals no less complex than humans to feel pian & suffering~MB
 * inflicting discomfort,pian,suffering, death w/o consent wrong~MB
 * data from experiments questionable~MB
 * physiological defferences between animals & humans make unsuitable models~MB
 * Activist Cite Gov't Accuntability Office showing 52% new drugs marketed 1976-1985 caused reactions not showen in animals test~MB
 * animals under stress confined small cages or ones that restrict movement~MB
 * stress alter physiological fuctioning rendering observations meaningless~MB
 * Laboratory animals are generally used in three primary fields: biomedical research, product security evaluation and education. AS
 * An estimated 20 million animals are being used for testing and are killed annually  AS
 * about 15 million of them are used to test for medication  AS
 * five million for other products  AS
 * Reports indicate that about 10 percent of these animals are not being administered with painkillers. AS
 * Animals are used to test products from shampoo to new cancer drugs. AS
 * Each and every medication used by humans is first tested on the animals.  AS
 * Animals were also applied to develop anesthetics to ease human ailments and suffering during surgery.AS
 * The supporters believe that if animal testing is eliminated the medications and procedures that we currently use today wouldn’t exist and the development of future treatments would be limited.AS
 * They argue that humans have been using animal research and testing for many years now. AS
 * Surgery on animals has assisted in developing organ transplant and open-heart surgery techniques. AS
 * Animal testing has also assisted in developing vaccines against diseases like rabies, polio, measles, mumps, rubella and TB. Development of antibiotics, HIV drugs, insulin and cancer treatments depend upon animal tests.  AS
 * They argue that other testing techniques are not advanced enough.  AS
 * The most radical progress in reproductive medicine such as oral contraceptives, in vitro fertilization, hormone replacement therapy, etc., have all been made possible by animal research.A
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">   Medical procedures like measuring blood pressure, pacemakers and heart and lung machines were used on animals prior to being tried on humans. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * Surgery techniques, like those to mend and eliminate bone diseases were devised out of experimentation on the animals. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * The heartworm medication that was devised from research on animals has assisted many dogs.  <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * The cat nutrition has assisted cats to live longer and healthier lives  <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * Animal models for AIDS are very important factors that are required to understand the biology of immuno-deficiency viruses in the vivo. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * Those who support animal testing argue that the society has an obligation to take actions in ways that will minimize injury and maximize benefits.   And    Banning or restraining the experimentation on animals would not allow society to achieve such results.<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * It is assumed that a scientist’s goal is to devise methods to minimize pain to every extent possible but for now we have to sacrifice on animals to achieve this result. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * They argue that society is required to maximize the opportunities to generate such valuable consequences even at the cost of inflicting pain to some animals. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * many argue that the lives of animals may be worthy of some respect, but the value we give on their lives does not count as much as the value we give to human life.<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * Human beings are considered living beings that have the capability and sensibility that is much higher than animal <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * For example if we were put in a dilemma of saving a drowning baby and a drowning rat is obvious save the baby first. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">AS
 * * Aspirin birth deffects in rats, mice, monkeys, guinea pigs, cats, dogs not humans LH
 * azathioprine birth deffects in rabbits LH
 * caffeine in rats and mice LH
 * Cortisone in mice and rabbits LH
 * triamcilanone in mice LH

__Animal Testing Facts__. 11/18/08 [|http://www.animaltestingfacts.zoomshare.com]. Example: Instead of using live rabbits for Draize Eye Test corneas from eye banks can be used~MB * chemical assay test~MB
 * 70 million animals maimed,blinded,scalded,force-fed chemicals,gentically manipulated,otherwise hurt or kill -MB
 * anywhere from privatie companies to scientific centers conduct animal research -MB
 * everyday things like eyeshadow,soap,furniture polish,oven cleaner tested on animals -MB
 * test manily used to test degree of harmfulness of products & indgriedents -MB
 * animal test can not used to prevent potential human injuries -MB
 * test no provide by law, but taken to prevent consumer lawsuits -MB
 * alternitives proven less expensive & more reliable
 * tissue culture systems~MB
 * cell and organ cultures~MB
 * cloned human skin cells &~MB
 * computer and mathematical models are other test more suitable~MB


 * technigues develop on animals saved heart patience~MB
 * animal research invoved in cures deadely diseases~MB
 * decline in death rates from cardo disease in 1960's result from animal test


 * Apprx. 17-22 million animals used in reasearch~MB
 * approx. 1.1% of dogs & cats from pounds, shelters that would otherwised be killed used in research~MB
 * fewer than one dog or cat used for every 50 destroyed~MB
 * Rats, mice, other rodents 85-90% research animals~MB
 * 1-1.5% research animals dogs & cats
 * .5% non-human primates
 * 40% decrease in numbers of animals used since 1968~MB
 * 61% animals dnt feel pian~MB
 * 31% have pian relieved~MB
 * 6% experience pain~MB

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