Burda+Breyer

This is USAID. June 7,2008 USAID. November 13,2008 http://www.usaid.gov/about_usaid/. This whole citation is done by Samantha Danner
 * Extend helping hand to overseas
 * Make a better life
 * Recover from disaster
 * Striving to live free/in democratic country
 * Do it to show world we are caring
 * Twofold purpose
 * Furthering America’s foreign policy interest in democracy
 * free markets while fixing lives
 * Spends less than ½ of a percent of federal budget
 * Starts back with Marshall Plan
 * George C. Marshall laid the foundation for this program of assistance from the U.S. to the countries of Europe after World War II
 * This was approved by congress in 1948
 * Truman Administration’s Point Four Program
 * 1961- Foreign Assistance Act signed in law
 * USAID created by executive order
 * Independent federal government agency receives guidance from Secretary of State
 * Supports long-term and equitable economic growth
 * Advances U.S. foreign policy objectives
 * Provides assistance in 5 regions of the world: Sub-Saharan Africa ; Asia; Latin America; Caribbean; Europe; Eurasia; and Middle East
 * Headquarters in Washington, D.C
 * Partnership with: private voluntary organizations; indigenous organizations; universities; American businesses; international agencies; other governments; other U.S. government agencies
 * Working relationships with: 3,500 American companies;
 * Relationship with over 300 U.S based private voluntary organizations

__ Economy in Crisis __. 11/13/08 11/13/08 . ·  Many of our industries are foreign owned o  97% of U.S. Sound Recording Industries o  79% of U.S. Commodity Contracts Dealing o  75% of Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries ·  We also spend a high percentage of our consumption needs on foreign goods o  90% on footwear o  87% on Audio and Video equipment o  86% on other leather products Whole Citation added by Kayla Burdette

Roberts, Paul Craig. "America's Economic Crisis Is Beyond The Reach of Traditional Solutions ." 13 11 2008. __Economy in Crisis__. 11/13/08 . ·  Robert Reich calls it a “Mini Depression” ·  Mikhail Kahzin (Russian Economist)~ “US will soon face a second ‘Great Depression’” ·  Robert Reich recommends spending on projects that provide more jobs ·  US unemployment 10 million ·  Home foreclosures in millions ·  Inflation is one cause of unemployment ·  Bailout funds are useless- doesn’t change falling employment or the mortgage crisis ·  Other suggested solutions: o  Economic minister o  No more free trade o  Get out of WTO agreement o  Discourage outsourcing US employment

Whole Citation added by Kayla Burdette

__Economic Recession__. 2008 11/13/08 . Notes: ·  Economic crises happen when people can’t pay their taxes. ·  Usually it happens when prices are high. ·  Decline in general business activity.  ·  Americans economy may be entering a state of free fall. Every day brings more bad news about the sub-prime mortgage debacle, about home foreclosures, construction industry slowdowns, a credit drought for consumers and businesses, oil price shocks and the open-ended devaluation of the dollar.  ·  Together with the debacle in Iraq and the political implosion of the Republican Party, this economic collapse could make the presidential election of 2008 a turning point in American political history.  ·  By any measure, our current economic suffering pales in comparison with what the nation endured from 1929 through 1939.  ·  Most economists are predicting a long, difficult period ahead.   ·  The great depression was a devastating time for America. Whole citation done by: Korhan Yeniceli

Shah, Anup. __U.S.__ __and Foriegn Aid Assistance__. April 27,2008 Global Issues. November 13,2008 . Whole citation completed by Samantha Danner
 * Governments cutting back on promised responsibilities: nations feeling trade not aid; criticized rich countries cutting back aid- was agreed by UN
 * Rich nations agreement at UN-0.7% GNI (Gross National Income) to aid
 * 0.2-0.4% GNI actually going to Aid- $100 billion short
 * USA’s aid GNI percent lower than any other industrialized nation
 * 2001- USA- largest donor of aid in terms of raw dollar
 * 2001-2004 continual increase in aid- most due to geostrategic concerns of donor
 * Debt relief in ODA-0ffical Development Agency
 * ODA rose slightly
 * Promised increase still below 0.7% target
 * US aid poor in percentage terms
 * Americans privately give $34 billion overseas
 * US official aid- $15 billion per year
 * International giving by US foundations- $3.4 billion
 * Charity by US businesses- $4.9billion annually
 * American NGO’s: $9.7 billion in grants, goods and volunteers
 * Religious overseas missionaries: $4.5 billion
 * Includes Health care; literacy training; relief and development
 * US college and scholarships to foreign students: $1.7 billion
 * Personal remittances from US: $47 billion
 * Factors of large decline in aid: tighter budget of country; ideology shift on government and markets; increasing number of countries in need for aid
 * $6.9 billion (9% of all aid) not targeted for poverty reduction
 * $5.7 billion (7%) double counted as debt relief
 * $11.8 billion (15%) on over-priced, ineffective technical assistance
 * $2.5 billion (3%) lost through aid tying
 * $8.1 billion (10%) lost through poor donor co-ordination
 * $2.1 billion (3%) on immigration related spending at least $70 (0.1%) million on excessive administration costs.

Shah, Anup. __US and Foreign Aid Assistance__. 4/27/08 Global Issues. 11/14/08 . ·  U.S. has given aid to countries that are possible threats to National security (Middle East, Central America and Caribbean in CW times) ·  Sweden aids progressive societies ·  France donates to those that have extensive commercial ties with France ·  Japan is same as France ·  In giving money to less fortunate countries we are becoming one ourselves ·  It could be better to build industry rather than give money ·  We are being criticized for giving less though our plan is to increase ·  We need to donate because debt relief is down ·  Our own debt relief is down ·  Bad economy = good health Whole citation by kayla Burdette

__ Foriegn Aid __. November 14, 2008 Brookings intitution. november 14,2008 . Notes done by Samantha Danner
 * America  can not afford to fight against global poverty
 * U.S. needs to demonstrate renewed leadership
 * Show national spirit by investing wisely
 * Doubling aid to Africa
 * $25 billion a year (2005-2010)
 * Further $25 billion (2010-2015)
 * Annual aid already doubled to Africa
 * Doubled from $12.7-23.7 billion in 2003
 * Add further increase by 50% in 2015
 * Japan only give one trillion yen to aid ($10 billion US dollars)
 * Ten Global Economic Challenges Facing 44th president
 * 1-restoring financial stability: strengthen global finance system
 * 2- Setting the right green agenda: working on pollution
 * 3- Exercising Smart Power: work on world’s poorest: not only make America feel good but make others feel good about America
 * 4-Reimaging Global Trade: enforce trade rules, invest in economic competitiveness
 * 5-Navagating China’s raise: America look for ways to improve our issues
 * 6-Have a broad trade
 * 7- Engaging in emerging India: helping millions out of poverty in India
 * 8-Revitalizing ties to Latin America: stronger partner to neighbors, engage in issues of concern
 * 9-Supporting Africa’s growth turnaround: become a stronger and steadier partner to Africa
 * 10- Pursuing positive agenda for middle east

Usborne, David. __USA 2008: The Great Depression__. 4/1/08 The Independent World. 11/14/08 . ·  Quote- David Usborne “ Food stamps are the symbol of poverty in the US. In the era of the credit crunch, a record 28 million Americans are now relying on them to survive – a sure sign the world's richest country faces economic crisis.” ·  Highest since US Food Assistance was developed in 1960s ·  2007- 26.5 million ·  Increasing job loss ·  Increasing house foreclosures ·  Fast rising prices ·  Maryland, Arizona, and Florida report 10% increase in food stamp usage Done by Kayla Burdette

 Patricof, Alan. "America can profit from Foriegn aid done right." __The Huffington Post__ 14 11 2008. Huffington Post. 2 11 2008. november 14,2008 . Notes done by Samantha Danner
 * U.S. should invest most of the money instead of donating
 * Congress passed legislation creating Millennium Challenge Corporation
 * MCC changing the way most of the foreign aid is given out
 * 2002 Monterrey Conference Bush called for increase of aid to meet goals (UN Millennium Developmental)
 * Reducing percent of people w/ poverty in 15 years (foreign countries)
 * Americans need to increase responsibility from aid recipients
 * Bush increasing aid by $5billion every year-bringing
 * closer to objective of 0.7% of America’s Gross National Product
 * MCC: government agency chaired by Secretary of State
 * If country prepared to govern justly/meet well designed requirements:
 * eligible for assistance from MCC
 * Need benchmarks for advancing funds:
 * have to continue to meet 16 governance indicators
 * MCC in subject of criticism in Congress
 * $6 billion given to MCC only $92 million actually been advanced to countries
 * MCC: $3 billion given to countries that worked hard to qualify
 * By end of year $5 billion put towards countries that qualify
 * A lot of countries spend years trying to improve their government to qualify
 * MCC only getting $1.2 billion for this year
 * MCC wanted $3.0 billion
 * MCC keeps getting below amount asked for from Congress
 * Funding cuts making MCC less effective

__The National Economy__. 10/20/08 American Research Group, Inc. 11/18/08 http://americanresearchgroup.com/economy/. ·  Oct. 54% of Americans believe the National economy is getting worse ·  Oct. A mere 6% think it’s getting better ·  Sept. 82% of Americans believe it is getting worse ·  Oct. 56% believe that a year from now it will be better ·  Oct. 54% think we are in a recession ·  Oct. 32% believe the household financial situation is getting worse ·  Sept. 0% thought it was getting better

Whole Citation by Kayla Burdette

http://www.globalissues.org/article/35/us-and-foreign-aid-assistance - Copy right: 1998-2008 Global Issues  ·   The US is the wealthiest, strongest and most influential nation. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   It’s worth seeing how their actions or inaction affect other nations. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   The World Bank and even helping to formulate the United Nations over 50 years ago, their actions can be felt around the world. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Around the world for numerous years, many Nations have criticized the US for cutting back on its promised responsibilities <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   The US is a major part of the International Monetary Fund <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   When the US has provided aid, it has been tied to its own foreign policy objectives. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Many rich nations that provide aid could be criticized in a similar way. Whole Citation By KC Brewster

http://www.devex.com/blogs/17/blogs_entries/56049 - Copy right: 2000-2008 Devex <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  Foreign aid is one of the most dependable stable sectors. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  Historically growing about 5 percent a year with comparatively minor ups and downs. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  Until recently. A global agreement emerged in the past years on the need for larger aid budgets. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  And total spending for foreign aid is more then double the budget. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  Foreign aid has just reached approximately around $200 billion per year. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  With 1/3 of it coming from foundations, non-governmental organizations <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  This sudden uptake in aid spending does make our community more vulnerable to an economic slowdown than ever before, but it remains a fairly stable sector. Whole Citation By KC Brewster

Landler, Mark. "World Leaders Vow Joint Push to Aid Economy." __The New York Times__ 15 11 2008. 15 11 2008. November 18, 2008 <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/business/worldbusiness/16summit.html?em>. Notes by Samantha Danner
 * Facing biggest economic crisis in decades
 * Countries agreed to work on improving the economy
 * Putting off decisions on how to fix financial regulations till next year
 * Reflected measures that countries are already doing to fix crisis
 * Meeting for setting financial crisis regulations
 * Many countries including France is putting most of the economic crisis blame on U.S.
 * Europeans thought of setting up colleges of supervisors
 * Supervisors meet regularly to share information about global banks
 * Expand membership of Financial Stability Forum
 * Forum is group of finance ministers and central bankers from industrial countries
 * Bush apposes cross-border authority

// This article was first published on September 29, 2008 // http://knowledge.insead.edu/USEconomyBailout080911.cfm <span style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  The US economy might go into a depression if the $700 billion rescue package fails to revive the ailing banking sector.- <span style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  A great depression right now is still unlikely but it’s not impossible to happen anymore. <span style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Deeper problems in the financial sector like Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy; Bank of America took over Merrill Lynch, while JPMorgan took over Washington Mutual. <span style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   The financial sector’s worsening has accelerated since Bear Stearns was jointly rescued by the Fed and JPMorgan from the brink of collapse in March. <span style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  The bailout money does not solve the problems of the economy but nevertheless it’s a necessary thing to do so we can stop the collapse of our economic system. <span style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   More banks could fail if distressed financial assets are not taken off their balance sheets because these assets continue to get worse every day, creating more doubt for the investors and bank depositors. <span style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   Such a situation could force a fire sale of bank assets to please stress from investors and depositors, further deteriorating banks’ balance sheets. Whole citation by KC Brewster

<span style="FONT-FAMILY: Comic Sans MS, Arial, Helvetica">Zunes, Stephen. __The Strategic Functions of U.S. Aid to Israel__. November 18,2008 <http://www.wrmea.com/html/us_aid_to_israel.htm>. ·  Nearly 241 billion ·  Donations for 2002 set a new high, rising 1 percent over 200’1 ·  Estimated 240.92 billion in gifts equaled 2.3 percent of US gross domestic product ·  US gave between $6 and $15 billion in foreign aid between 1995 and 1999 ·  The US ranks twenty-second of the 22 most developed nations ·  US manages giving 0.1 GDP ·  The USA is a generous nation of people ·  USA enforces aggressive policies and aggressive pursue economic interests in all the other countries. ·  Foreign aid grants and loans $74,157,600,000 ·  US have offered Israel an additional $2 billion in loan guarantees. ·  $16.4 billion in Us military loans were converted to grants.
 * ·  America keeps giving

Notes done by: Korhan Yeniceli

http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2006/11/08/what-causes-a-recession.aspx The Motley Fool Legal information: 1995-2008 the motley fool <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #222222; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   What causes a recession? ~ Increase in oil prices. ~ Stock market falls unlikely. ~Analysts say stock sell-off may cool the economy. ~Households saving more. ~ Overspending and high taxes ~ Asian contagion ~Corporate fraud and investor pessimism Notes by KC Brewster ||