Gretalion

Genetic Science Learning Center. "What is a Stem Cell?." __Learn.Genetics__ 13 November 2008 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scintro/ 1. What is a stem cell? TD  2.  A cell in the body whose job is not yet determined TD   3.  Every cell in body “stems” from these cells (hence the name) TD   4.  Wait for signals to tell them what to become TD   5.  Until they get signal they slowly sit and divide TD   6.  Once signal comes they differentiate (gradually change into the decided cell) TD   7.  Signal causes certain genes to turn on TD   8.  Signal also tells the cell to make certain proteins TD   9.  The proteins cause the cell to look like and act like the new cell TD   10. The differentiation process helps cells to specialize to their special jobs TD  11. Nerve cells are made early on before birth TD  12. Nerve cells relay information from and within the brain TD  13. Skin cells are being constantly made throughout life TD  14. Bone cells are also constantly growing and fixing themselves TD  15. Red blood cells are also a product of stem cells TD  16. The red blood cells are made within the bone marrow TD  17. Stem cells become myoblast and then multiply TD  18. Large groups of myoblasts come together to form muscles TD  19. Embryonic stem cells are totipotent (they can become any type of cell) TD  20. Blastocyst embryonic stem cells are pluripotent (can become almost any cell) TD  21. They don’t have human characteristics yet TD  22. Fetal stem cells – 8 weeks after conception TD  23. Fetal stem cells are also pluripotent TD  24. Umbilical cord stem cells are multipotent (limited number of cells they can become) TD  25. Adult stem cells are the developed-matured cells found in tissues TD

Scolari, S.. __What Is Stem Cell Research?__. 2003 wisegeek.com. 11/13/08 < http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-stem-cell-research.htm >. 26. Taking basic human cells and turning them into any other of the basic 220 cells in body-JS 27. Meant to find cures to major diseases-JS 28. Some against it as it may come to cloning-JS 29. Viewed negative as destroys embryo-JS 30. Adult cells can be used as well-JS 31. Some countries have legalized-JS

"Babies from bone marrow.(data)(Report)(Brief article)." Discover, July 2007 v28 i7 p17(1). //Science// //Resource// //Center//. Gale. 13 November 2008 < http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=A164721636 > 32. Discovery made using bone marrow to make a baby-JS 33. Though thought not able to work-JS

Detroit : Thomson Gale, 2007. //Science// //Resource// //Center//. Gale. 13 November 2008 < [|http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2643510023]  > 34. Since 1997 with clone sheep scientist striving to do same to human-JS 35. Some clones left dead-JS 36. Most clones left with physical and genetic problems-JS 37. Clones have respiratory issues-JS 38. America outlawed human cloning-JS 39. Thought that cloning human impossible-JS 40. Too many risks to clone human at time-JS

__Fact Sheet: Embryonic Stem Cell Research.__ August 2001 www.whitehouse.gov. November 13 2008 http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/08/20010809-1.html. 41. Embryonic stem cell can go into all tissues in the body KF   42. adult cells cam multiply and hold all origins of tissue from where it can from KF  43. scientists believe that this can cure diseases that affected 128 million people KF  44. to create a cell you need a stem line KF  45. stem line- a mass of cells sharing genetic characteristics KF

__Pros And Cons Of Stem Cell Research__. 2008 www.allaboutpopularissues.org. November 13 2008 http://www.allaboutpopularissues.org/pros-and-cons-of-stem-cell-research.htm. 46. offer a lot of hope because they can grow into any kind of cell KF   47. stem cells can replace dead cells from cancer KF  48. billions of dollars are being put in this field KF  49. 3 kinds – adult, cord, and embryonic KF  50. adult cells are extracted from either bone marrow or peripheral system KF  51. if extracted from bone marrow possibility of bone being destroyed KF  52. if extracted from peripheral system no bone will be destroyed but it will take longer KF  53. adult stem cell is the best out of the three KF  54. cord cells are 2nd best KF  55. cord cells are for families that planned ahead KF  56. cord cells are extracted during pregnancy and stored in cryogenic cell banks KF  57. cord cells are mainly used for the new born KF  58. the closer the person is to your blood line the better KF  59. storage process is like blood bank KF  60. embryonic cells are extracted from an embryo before it differentiates KF  61. at this stage it is known as blastocyst KF  62. there are about 100 cells in the blastocyst KF  63. grown in cultures were they can multiply every 2-3 days KF  64. this cell requires a dead human KF  65. some believe that it is murder KF

Stein, Constance. "Stem cells." //Gale Encyclopedia of Science//. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Detroit : Gale Group, 2008. //Student// //Resource// //Center// //- Gold//. Gale. FREDERICK COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY. 13 Nov. 2008 < http://find.galegroup.com/srcx/infomark.do ? &contentSet=GSRC &type=retrieve &tabID=T001 &prodId=SRC-1 &docId=EJ2644042198 &source=gale &srcprod=SRCG &userGroupName=fred14595 &version=1.0>. [|www.galenet.galegroup.com] 66. Stem cells replace dead or damaged cells-AH 67. revolutionizes treatments for diseases -AH 68. Stems cells multiply-AH 69. Are a “repair system”-AH 70. They can choose to become any cell they want-AH 71. They can heal wounds without scarring -AH 72. Is like a fountain of youth-AH

__Stem cell Research-Pros and Cons__. 2008 www.experiment-resources.com. 13-11-2008 < http://www.experiment-resources.com/stem-cell-pros-and-cons.html >. 73. Stem cells are crucial for the development to an organism-AH 74. Grown in laboratories-AH 75. Obtained by killing the human embryo-AH

Genetic Science Learning Center. "What is the Goal of Stem Cell Research?." __Learn.Genetics__ 14 November 2008 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scresearch/ 76. What is the goal of stem cell research? TD  77. Stem cells form the basic building materials for the human body TD  78. They are the perfect choice for restoring tissues that have been damaged or destroyed due to injury or disease TD  79. The goal of any stem cell research is to repair tissue that cant fix itself TD  80. One possibility is to transplant stem cells directly into the damaged area and directing them to grow new healthy tissue TD  81. Also possible to coax stem cells already in the body to work overtime and produce new tissue TD  82. Stem cell transplants have been the best method to date TD

Genetic Science Learning Center. "Stem Cell Therapies Today." __Learn.Genetics__ 14 November 2008 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/sctoday 83. Some therapies are used to treat diseases already TD   84. Adult stem cell transplant: bone marrow stem cells TD  85. Adult stem cell transplant: peripheral blood stem cells TD  86. Umbilical cord stem cell transplant TD  87. The bone marrow transplant is used to treat leukemia and other types of cancer, as well as various types of blood disorders TD  88. Small number of stem cells reside in the blood stream TD  89. These cells can also be use like the bone marrow in helping leukemia and various blood disorders TD  90. They are very sparse so collecting these cells is a challenge TD  91. Umbilical cord blood is very potent in stem cells TD  92. They are collected and kept in cold storage TD  93. They can be used like the bone marrow transplant TD  Stem Cell Basics: What are the unique properties of all stem cells?Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006 http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics2 94. all stem cells have 3 general properties KF   95. capable of dividing KF  96. they are unspecialized KF  97. They can give rise to specialized cell types. KF   98. Embryonic cells can proliferate for a year or more in a lab. Adults cant stem cell research can lead to stopping cancer KF  99. stem cells can go into almost any human blood stream KF  100. capable of a long term self-renewal KF  101. //How are embryonic stem cells stimulated to differentiate? //  102.  it took 20 years to figure out how human embryo cells work KF   103. When unspecialized stem cells give rise to specialized cells, the process is called differentiation KF   104. internal signals are controlled by cell genes KF

Winfield, Julian. __Stemaid: the future of medicine__. 2007 www.stemaid.com. November 14, 2008 http://www.stemaid.com/page.php?2 105. can cure a lot KF    106. Acute and Chronic Stroke KF   107. parkinsons disease KF   108. multiple sclerosis KF  109. Autism KF  110. Huntington's disease KF  111. Migraine Headaches KF  112. Epilepsy KF  113. Blood Cancer KF  114. Organ/Tissue Cancers KF  115. Leukemia’s KF  116. Chemo Rescue KF  117. AIDS (advanced) KF  118. Hepatitis C KF  119. Hepatitis B KF  120. Cirrhosis KF  121. Macular Degeneration KF  122. Glaucoma KF  123. Rheumatoid Arthritis KF  124. Lupus KF  125. Diabetes KF  126. Addison's Disease KF  127. Myocardial Infarction KF  128. Bronchial Asthma KF  129. Injury and infection related hearing loss KF  130. Common Variable Immunodeficiency KF  131. Kidney conditions KF  132. Accelerated recovery from Accident or Surgery KF  133. Vision loss KF   134. takes about 3-6 months to complete KF   135. everyone heals different KF   136. it is better if you don’t take drugs or use alcohol while in healing process KF   137. no negative side effects KF   138. stem cells can reproduce into any of the 220 different types of cells in the human body KF   139. they have stem cell therapy KF

__stem cell research pros and cons__. 2006 www.stemcellresearchfacts.com. 11/14/08 . 140. destruction of human life in creation JS   141. adults might be harder to “reprogram” cells JS  142. nothing bad happens to donor JS

Stem Cell Basics: Introduction. In //Stem Cell Information// [World Wide Web site]. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006 [cited Friday, November 14, 2008] Available at < http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics1 > 143. can be made into needed cells JS   144. not focused cells JS  145. regenerate though division JS  146. help make test tube babies JS

Stem Cell Basics: What are the unique properties of all stem cells? . In //Stem Cell Information// [World Wide Web site]. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2006 [cited Friday, November 14, 2008] Available at http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics2 147. has no structure as to tissue or muscle JS   148. stem cells can replicate JS   149. stem cells can regenerate JS   150. stem cells similar to cancer JS

How stuff works. "Stem Cells." __Stem Cells__. 1998-2008. How Stuff works. 13-11-2008 http://www.howstuffworks.com/search.php?terms=Stem+Cell. [|www.science.howstuffworks.com] 151. Can turn into 220 different kinds of cells-AH 152. Capability of self-renewal -AH 153. Therapeutic cloning-AH 154. Uses Fertilized embryos from fertility programs-AH 155. Stem cells are they inner cells to the blastocyst-AH 156. Called Cell-based therapy-Ah

Genetic Science Learning Center. "What Are Some Issues In Stem Cell Research?." __Learn.Genetics__ 14 November 2008 http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scissues/

157. Common issues surrounding stem cell research 158. How far should researchers take stem cell technologies? TD  159. Should we do something for the sake of doing it? TD  160. Should the government fund the research? TD  161. Should there be laws governing stem cell research? TD  162. Do embryonic stem cells represent human life? TD  163. – Should the fetus have rights? 164. – Who should be able to make the choice? 165.  Should frozen embryos created through vitro fertilizations be used to create stem cells? TD

White, Deborah. __Pros & Cons of Embryonic Stem Cell Research__. 2007 www.about.com. November 14 2008 http://usliberals.about.com/od/stemcellresearch/i/StemCell1.htm

166. The decision, characterized at the time as perhaps the most important of Bush's presidency KF    167. President Bush has long opposed embryonic stem cell research on ideological grounds KF   168. President George W. Bush vetoed the bill on June 20, 2007 KF

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