Group+Awesome

-Debate school uniforms ongoing FD -School uniforms issuses cause debate FD -Kids feel lose of id no uniforms FD -According to survey 1,300 teens, 67% boys 52% girls perfer uniforms FD -Reasons for uniforms FD -Helps save time -Stops jealousy -Helps reduce discipline problems -Reasons against uniforms FD -Takes away students freedom -Hurts need for self expression -Students dont want to wear same clothes as each other Sasson, Dorit. "Children's School Uniforms: Pros for a Children's Dress Code At School." __Suite 101__ Suite 101. 22 April 2007. 13, November, 2008 .

-22 states, school districtscan require students wear uniforms DB -Oklahoma female muslim student suspended twice wearing head scarf violating dress code DB -Over 200 male students videotaped forced to lift up their shirts school officials determine waistline lowness DB -Over 700 students suspended violating zero tolerance dress code, one 13 year old student suspended having shirt untucked DB -Clothing can be banned if a school principal thinks it will help "curb gang activity" DB -In Manual of School Uniforms, U.S. Department of Education cited "decreasing violence and theft" a benefit of adopting a school uniform policy DB -Education Commission of the States cited "none of these benefits have ever been researched DB -Decentralization of policy and vagueness of the wardrobe and student safety relationship had resulted in wide ranges of dress codes DB -Students are most effected and divided on this issue DB -Every school day millions students in U.S. are told what can/cannot wear DB -From city to metropolises student being serched, suspended, or reprimanded by school administrators for their wardrobe DB -Wibur Middle School, in Wichita, Kansas, in which Principal Cherie Crain banned "Goth" clothing and accesories DB Montgomery, James. "Are School Dress Codes A Violation Of Civil Liberties?." __MTV news__ MTV.com. 20 09 2004. 11/13/08 .

-American Civil Liberties Union filed lawsuit federal court against dearborn public schools violatingfirst adendment rights of student EW -Court's decision reaffirms principle students dont give up right express opinions on matters public importance entering school EW -No evidence that t-shirt created diturbance or disruption assistent principal's belief t-shirt conveyed unpopular political message EW -Rejected school district's argument schoolyard innapropriate place political debate EW -Students benefit when school officials give an environment so they can express their viewpoints and lean to tolerate others' opinions EW -Senior wore the t-shirt to express his concern about Bush's policies on the Iraq war EW -School's justification was the shirt might cause a disruption even though the senior wore it for three hours without an incident EW -He wore the shirt to spark discussion on an issue he cared about and had the right to wear it EW -It teaches the First Amendment protects our rights to express our opinions EW __Judge Rules in Favor of Michigan Student's Right to Wear Anti-War T-Shirt to School__. 10/1/2003 ACLU. 11/13/2008 . ||  ||
 * -Prohibited wearing t-shirt picture of Bush that reads"international terrorist" EW

-1969 Supreme Court ruling protects rights to express with clothing and had Constitutional right for protection against intolerant administrators DB -Three gov't school students at Des Moines, Iowa were suspended from school for wearing black armbands to protest the gov't policy on Vietnam DB -Their response was suing the school DB - Eventually, they won in favor of the Sumpreme Court DB -Court held the First Amendment rights available to teachers and students to application in the of the characteristics of the school environment DB -A university of Cincinnati law professor stated the decision freed public school student expression in word and garb DB -Having the right to wear political clothing even without an imprinted message DB -Students have the right to sue their school if the school tries to ban attire that is not political, but not disruptive DB -Violates the Fourteenth Amendment right to express individuality DB -More recent court decisions have decreased the impact of the 1969 decision DB - Attire that is not disruptive may still be protected DB -Schools don't like court cases that deal with 1969 black armband case DB __Libertarian Rock__. 5/17/99 11/13/08 .

-Tinker vs. Des Moines case 1969 FD -Authorities adopted a policy of students wearing armbands to schoolwould be asked to take them off or be suspended until they return without them FD -Supreme Court ruled in favor of the students FD -1969 case established the first school dress code FD - No facts that might lead school authorities to forcast disruption, material interference with school activities, and no disturbances on the school premises ocurred FD -Bethel School District vs. Fraser case 1986 FD -Student delivered a sexually explicit and graphic nominating speech to 600 students FD -Students were bewildered and embarassed by the speech FD -Student was suspended because he violated school disciplinary rule FD -Supreme Court held it is appropriate for a school to disassociate itself from speech that is vulgar, lewd, and wholly inconsistent with fundamental values of public school education FD -1986 case clarified and expanded the rule of the Tinker case FD -Hazelwood School District vs. Kuhlmeier case 1988 FD -concerned the extent to which educators may exercise editorial control over the content of a school newspaper as part of a journalism curriculum FD -School maintained ultimate control over the paper FD - Students maintained some authority over the contents of the paper to learn leadership skills FD -School paper was part of a journalism class taught by the school faculty FD -Supreme Court held educators don't offend the First Amendment by exercising editorial control over the style and contents of student speech in school-sponsored activities as long as the actions are related to legitimate concerns FD -1988 case expanded schools' authority by allowing them to regulate any activity deemed "school sponsored" FD -Courts review fact of a particular dress code punishment and determine the student violation rises to the level of material and substantial, vulgar and lewd, and/or is school sponsored speech in school officials are entitled to exercise greater control FD -School Dress Codes have been controversial FD -Court struggled with balancing interests of students and interests meant to protect in a classroom environment FD -Tinker trilogy remains the law FD -Supreme Court docket continues to remain filled with challenges to the existing laws FD Scibetta, Anthony J.. __The First Amendment: Student Dress Codes__. Spring 2007 Advanced Legal Research. 11/13/08 .

-violators of the district's dress code must wear navy blue coveralls unless they get another set of clothes or serve school suspension DB -Outfits made by Texas inmates DB -Outfits not styled like prison suits DB -Students in spaghetti-strap tank top, extra baggy pants, cargo pants or T-Shirts might wear the coveralls DB -Even boys with earrings or facial hair will wear coveralls DB -Girls in miniskirts and anyone in clothe that show underwear face the same fat DB -2650-student district ordered 82 coveralls, often sold to county jails DB -Districts have bought lunch trays and similar items from inmate labor DB -Jumpsuits aren't the only option for dress-code violators from fifth through 12th grade DB -School board President Menking said parents can still bring a change of clothes or may request that the student goes in-school suspension DB -Fleming Terrell says "Public school dress codes should be limited to what is necesary to guard against actual disruption to educational process and threats to safety." DB -He also said "The jumpsuits may be just as distracting as the clothing they're replacing" DB "Texas High School Orders Prison Jumpsuits for Offenders of Dress Code." __Fox News__ Fox News.com. 02 August 2008. Fox News. 11/13/08 .

-The portales Municipal School Board voted Monday to retain the school dress code as written JL -Seales said her daughter, Kierra, who is in eighth grade, had been taken out of class and asked to remover a plastic stud in her lip or cover it up with a Band-Aid several times JL -Board policy states, "No student shall wear nose rins or nose studs or and type of visible body piercing with the exception of ear rings in the ears.", Superintendent Randy Fowler states "I think our policy is reasonable," JL Meyer, Sarah. "School dress code policy will go unchanged." __PNT__ PNT. 13 October 2008. 11/14/2008 .

-1997, 3 percent of public schools required uniforms EW -2000, 12 percent of public schools required uniforms EW -47 percent of public schools enforced strict dress codes EW -Federal Gov't looks into the issue in 2006 EW Schools in 37 states have some sort of rules for uniforms EW -Nathan L. Essex says, "Due to violence encountered in the 1990s and early 2000s, I think those things really stimulated a lot of school officials to look at campus safety." EW -School uniforms increase school safety by eliminating gang-related clothing EW -School safety is increased by helping aid in the reconigtion of nonstudents on campus EW -Other benefits include better student behavior EW -More resistance to peer pressure is a benefit EW -Last benefit is improved emphasis on academics EW -Essex also points out no long-term studies have examined dress codes' effect on crime, attendance or academic acheivement EW -He says anecdotal evidence exists of the policy's positive effects EW Cox, Amy. "Custom-made fit for school." CNN. 15 August 2005. 11/14/2008 . || -California dress codes, uniforms: policy may be adopted by individual schools as part of their school safety plan EW -Delaware dress codes, uniforms: District school boards are authorized to create and enforce "a dress code program" EW -Indiana dress codes: Establish written discipline rules, which may include appropriate dress codes, for the school corporation EW -Iowa dress code: establish dress code policy that bans wearing of "gang-related or other specific apparel EW -Louisiana dress code, uniforms: which allows each parent or guardian the option of using such uniforms EW -Minnesota dress codes, uniforms: a school board may require students to furnish or purchase clothing that constitutes a school uniform EW Burke, Molly. __School Uniforms and Dress Codes: State Policies__. September 2004 Education Comission of the States. 11/18/08 . || -Dress codes encourage students to express their individuality through personality and academic acheivements, not appearances JL -Dress codes can be less expensive JL -Dress codes create a sense of school pride and belonging JL - They put the focus on academics because they project a neat, serious, businesslike image JL -Schools w/dress codes have fewer discipline problems because the students aren't distracted JL -They eliminate visible differences between needy and wealthy children JL -They eliminate pressure to wear brand name clothing JL __School Uniforms & Dress Code Information__. Polk County Public Schools. 11/18/09 <http://www.polk-fl.net/parents/generalinformation/dresscode.htm>.
 * -Elizabeth's school district is one of many schools turning to stricter dress codes or uniforms EW
 * -Akansas dress codes: District board of directors may form a parent/student advisory commitee to determine whether a districtwide student dress code should be enacted EW
 * Dress Code Benefits:

-Fashion statements to some, but to Orange County's Capistrano Unified School District administrators, they are dangers looking under the hood EW -The problem is someone could hide behind the mask EW -Tom Ressler says, "There is no way to identify who kids are. Generally, we don't think that is a good thing. It gives kids the opportunity to do something bad." EW -Even if students wore the sweat shirts with the hood down, they could obscure their faces within seconds EW -Other schools in Orange and Los Angeles counties said they did not have policies specifically banning the "mask" hoodies EW -Students wearing regular hoodies, which are still acceptable, must keep their heads bare EW -Regular hoodies are worn all over campus, but students say the masked ones, sometimes called "burkas for boys," are the latest craze EW -A senior bought twoo masked hoodies after he saw some of his favorite hip-hop artists sporting him EW -He says, "They bring the style and we roll with it." EW -The senior wishes the hoodies were allowed at school EW -"It's not gang-related," he said, "and we wouldn't wear then zipped up EW

Tran, My-Thuan. ""Mask" sweat shirts banned in O.C.." __Los Angeles Times__ Los Angeles Times. 18 Decemeber 2007. 11/18/08 <http://articles.latimes.com/2007/dec/18/local/me

-Many schools are now requireing their students to wear uniforms DB -It's been a norm in some private and parocial schools, but many public schools are changing their dress codes to allow only uniforms DB-Secondary schools students wear uniforms to prevent students from wearing gang colors, immodest, or out landish clothing DB -Some schools require students to choose only a few pieces of clothing and others put put limitations on regular clothing DB -Schools with freqeunt violations of the dress codes investigate uniforms as a solution DB -Uniforms are said to support school spirit, a nd reduce discipline problems DB -When school districts decide to look at advantages of uniforms, they put the issue on the school board meeting agenda to allow the public to express their views on it DB -School districts begin adopting uniforms by requirng primary students to begin wearing the uniforms first DB -Then they move up a grade each year until the entire district is wearing them DB -Some opponents to school uniforms say that requiring students to wear uniforms is taking away their liberties DB -They cite examples such as Communist China making everyone wear the Mao pajamas DB -Many large school districts have adopted uniform policies DB -Several states regulate school uniforms in schools DB -Safety is often cited as a reason for uniforms DB -Example would be if everyone on campus is dressed alike, intruders can be spotted DB -There are many cases in many areas where students have stolen clothing, such as designer sneakers and jerseys DB -State of Louisiana recently tried to pass a law forbidding large pants that show underwear more than a few inches under the waistline DB -Overly large pants are allowed at some schools as long as they're uniform pants and the shirt is tucked in DB -Others schools don't allow overly large pants DB -One school in Houston has uniforms consisted of jeans and a plain white T-shirt DB <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Comic Sans MS, Arial, Helvetica">Lindah, __FashBlog__. May 11, 2005. 11/18/08 <http://www.fashblog.com/2005/05/pros-and-cons-of-school-un_111585179794526764.html>. || -Nine students at Jena High School wore the "Free the Jena 6" T-Shirts Tuesday EW -John Jenkins said his three daughters wore the shirts to make a statement and not to cause trouble EW -"They weren't doing anything other than wearing the shirts," Jenkins said. "The school doesn't have a dress code. They were covered. They're trying to tell them what they can and can't wear." EW -Carwin Jones was one of the six students charged withattempted murederin the beating of Justin Baker EW -Barker was treated for a swollen and cut face and released the same day EW -Rev. Al Sharpton said the attempted-murder charges indicate a different standard of justice for blacks and whites EW -One of the students was convicted on a reduced charge of aggravated second-degree battery and faces up to 22 years in prison EW -Racial tensions surfacd in Jena last fall EW -Students found three nooses hanging from a tree on campus, three white students were suspended but no criminal charges were filed EW "School ban shirts supporting beating suspects." MSNBC. 29 August 2007. The Associated Press. 11/18/08 <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20500790/>.
 * -Officials at central Louisiana high school banned T-shirts supporting six black students accused of beating of a white schoolmate, saying it was too disruptive EW

-Growing levels of violence in schools resonses to many parents, teachers, and school officials JL -They have come to see school uniforms as a positive and creative way to reduce discipline problems and increase school safety JL -They observed that adopting school uniform policies can promote school safety, improve discipline, and enchance the learning environment JL -Benefits of school uniforms include: decreasing violence and theft among students over designer clothing or expensive sneakers JL helping prevent gang members from wearing gang colors and insignia at school JL instilling students with discipline JL helping parents and students resist peer pressure JL helping students concentrate on their school work JL and helping school officials reconize intruders who come to the school JL -Many local communities are deciding to adopt school uniform policies as part of an overall program to improve school safety and discipline JL -Other schools have implented dress codes to encourage a safe environment by prohibiting clothes with certain language or gang colors JL -Decisions whether to adopt a uniform policy is madeby states, local school districts, and school JL -Parental support of a uniform policy is critical for sucess JL -Many schools that have successfully created a uniform policy survey parents first to guage support for school uniform requirements and then seek parental input in designing the uniform JL -A school uniform policy must accommodate students whose religious beliefs are substantially burdened by a uniform requirement JL -A uniform policy may not prohibit students from wearing or displaying expressive items JL -A uniform policy may prohibit from wearing a button bearing a gang insignia JL -An Arizona school adopted a mandatory policy requiring students to wear school uniforms or in alternative attend another public school JL -It was recently upheld by a state trial court in Arizona JL -Schools should not impose a form of expression on students by requiring them to wear uniforms bearing a substantive message, such as a political message JL -In many cases, school uniforms are less expensive than clothing students typically wear to school JL -Cost of purchasing a uniform may be a burden on some families JL -Uniforms alone cannot solve all school discipline problems, but they can be a positive contributing facter to discipline and safety JL -Working with parents, teachers, students, and principals can make a uniform policy part of a strong overall safety program, one that is broadly supported in the community JL -States and local districts must decide how they will ensure a safe and disciplined learning environment JL -Support for disadvantaged students: each student must develop an assistance plan for families that cannot afford to buy uniforms JL graduating students either donate or sell used uniforms to needy families JL -Results: district officials found that in the year following implementation of the school uniform policy JL overall school crime decreased 36%, fights decreased 51%, sex offenses decreased 74%, weapons offenese decreased 50%, assult and battery offenses decreased 34%, and vandalism decreased 18%. JL fewer than 1% of the students have elected to opt out of the uniform policy JL <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Comic Sans MS, Arial, Helvetica">__Archived: Manual on School Uniforms__. February 29, 1996 Archived Information. 11/18/08 <http://www.ed.gov/updates/uniforms.html>.

-In some countries, it is common for school pupils to have to wear uniforms identifying them with a particular institution JL -Pro: uniform prepares students for life after education, when most will be expected to dress smartly and appropriately for work, adhering to a coporate dress code JL -Con: business world is increasingly relaxed about dress codes, making those schools that insist on uniform increasingly anachronic JL adults who attended schools without uniform do not appear to struggle in the workplace JL - Important part of the negative side is that wearing school uniform can ignore students' individuality JL -Students are making style in the school uniform or wear accessories so there are many ways for students to express their individuality JL -Some students specializing hairstyle, shoes, or accessories, and even fix their school uniforms for their favor JL <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Comic Sans MS, Arial, Helvetica">Endersby, Alastair. __School Uniform Debate__. November 1, 2000 International Debate Education Association. 11/18/08 <http://www.idebate.org/database/topic_details.php?topicID=59>.

-Message on the shirt calls Pres. George W. Bush "Chicken-Hawk-In-Chief," referring to the gaps in Bush's military career as a reservist EW -They took issue with the caricature of the image of the president drinking and snorting cocaine EW -The school was wrong to censor the word "cocaine"on the student's shirt, but it was within its rights to have him cover the images EW -The School must expunge(take off) a one-day suspension on tha student's record EW -Sessions write, "This case requiresthe court to balance the important values of a public school student's right to free speech and the authority of school officials to control the learning environment." EW -Sessions concluded, "school officials may prohibit dress bearing images of drugs and alcohol as inappropriate for the school environment EW -Thus, the student was not entitled to an injunction allowing him to wear his T-shirt without tape covering the displays of drugs and alcohol. EW -Saltonstall said, "We're happy with the part of the decision that the schoolviolated his First Amendment rights by censoring the word cocaine off his T-shirt." EW -Saltonstall cites the Tinker vs. Des Moines case as a court overturned the school's decision EW -Tony Lamb says, "The district believes that drugs and alcohol is a serious problem with kids EW -He also states, "They need to reduce the impact of those symbols and send a message about what is appropriate in a school environment, and that is what the school policy aims to do." EW <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Comic Sans MS, Arial, Helvetica">Totten, Shay. __Banned! Williamson teen becomes a First Amendment poster boy__. January 28, 2005 Kids Speak Online. 11/18/08 <http://www.kidspeakonline.org/zachary.htm>. || -23 children of workers of ACLU had been suspended from school for wearing the wrong clothes EW -The teens were ordered to stay home from one to three days for wearing T-shirts that memorialized Julius Robinson, a murdered football player EW -Shirts were sold to raise money for the Robinson family to buy a headstone for Julius' grave EW -Dan Kuhr said, "Robinson was just a good guy." "He didn't cause a lot of trouble." EW -The officials of Millard Public Schools thought the words "Julius RIP" on the shirts were disruptive EW -Omaha police also said the shirts could be considered gang-related EW <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Comic Sans MS, Arial, Helvetica">Johnson, Alex. "Students, parents bare claws over dress codes." MSNBC. 18 October 2008. MSNBC. 11/18/08 <http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26875980/>. || -No state to date has leislatively mandated the wearing of school uniforms DB -Most dress codes and uniform policies are developed at the district or school level DB -28 states and the district of Columbia have enacted laws that address school dress DB -Some states statutes affect only dress codes with no mention of uniforms DB -Others address dress codes and uniform policies separately DB -Others include uniforms within dress codes DB -Arizona Uniforms: District boards have a discretionary power to require students to wear uniforms DB -Akansas Dress Codes: District boards may form a parent/student advisory committee to determine whether a student dress code should be enacted DB -California Dress Codes: Districts may establish a reasonable dress code as part of their school safety plan, that prohibits pupils from wearing gang-related apparel DB -Colorado Dress Codes: local boards may establish dress codes that require minimum standard of dress DB -Connecticut Uniforms: Local or regional boards may adopt a school-uniform policy DB -Delaware Dress Codes/Uniforms: District boards have the authority to create and enforce a dress-code program, which may include school uniforms DB -District of Columbia Dress Codes/Uniforms: /each superinten-dents' long-term reform plan must describe how the district will develop and implement a dress code DB -Florida Dress Codes/Uniforms: School boards may require uniforms to be worn by students or impose other dress-related requirements DB -Illinois Dress Codes/Uniforms: When "necessary to maintain the orderly process of a school function or prevent endangerment of student health or safety" DB -Indiana Dress Codes: Governing body of a school corporation must establish written discipline rules, which may include dress codes DB -Iowa Dress Codes/Uniforms: Boards may establish a dress code districtwide or individual schools may do so necessary for health and safety of students and staff DB -Kansas Dress Codes: section of law details grounds for which a student may be suspended or expelled DB -Louisiana Dress Codes/Uniforms: local school boards may establish a dress code that includes uniforms DB -Maryland Uniforms: school board has authority to implement a uniform policy in the pubic schools in Prince George's County DB <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, Arial, Helvetica">__Dress Codesand School-Uniform Policies, State by State__. University of Oregon. 11/18/08 <http://eric.uoregon.edu/publications/policy_reports/dress_codes/statebystate.html>. ||