Group+Three



MLA citation:Clay, Rebecca. "Unraveling new media's effects on children ." 2003. American Psychological Association. 11/13/08 .


 * Children under 18 spend an average of 5 1/2 hours a dy with media sources -MT
 * Often children multitask, with more than one media soucres. -MT
 * Jeff McIntyre, senior legislative and federal affairs officer in APA's Public Policy Office. "Funders would say, 'We're not going to pay for someone to study kids' video games. That's silly.'" -MT
 * No electronic effects are all good or all bad-MT
 * it's the content that makes all the difference -MT

"Understanding the Power of Media & Its Effect on Kids." .
 * * Messages about body image, self-worth and sexuality are in advertising -MT
 * these messages can actually help kids learn to think for themselves -MT
 * Violent and aggressive behavior is not simply passive. -MT
 * "playing violent video games leads to adolescent violence like smoking leads to lung cancer." -MT
 * studies don't lie, violence affects kids' behavior-MT ||  ||

**MLA Citation:** Gavin, Mary. __How TV Affects Your Child__. October 2008 The Nemours Foundation. 11-13-08 .
 * two-thirds of infants and toddlers watch a screen an average of 2 hours a day (Tate)
 * kids under age 6 watch about 2 hours of screen media a day (Tate)
 * kids and teens 8 to 18 years spend 4 hours a day in front of a TV screen and 2 additional hours on the computer and video games (Tate)
 * The AAP recommend kids under 2 years old not watch TV and that those older than 2 watch no more than 1 to 2 hours a day of quality programming (Tate)
 * To much TV can interfere with being physically active, reading, doing homework, playing with friends, spending time with family (Tate)
 * Preschoolers can get help with the alphabet, grade schoolers can learn about wildlife on nature shows, and parents can keep up with current events on the evening news (Tate)
 * Children who consistently spend more than 4 hours per day watching TV are more likely to be overweight (Tate)
 * Kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior but also fear that the world is scary and that something bad will happen to them (Tate)
 * TV characters often depict risky behaviors, such as smoking and drinking, and also reinforce gender-role and racial stereotypes (Tate)
 * The average American child will witness 200,000 violent acts on television by age 18 (Tate)
 * Kids may become desensitized to violence and more aggressive (Tate)
 * Many violent acts are perpetrated by the "good guys," whom kids have been taught to emulate (Tate)
 * television says it's OK to bite, hit, or kick if you're the good guy. This can lead to confusion when kids try to understand the difference between right and wrong(Tate)
 * And even the "bad guys" on TV aren't always held responsible or punished for their actions (Tate)
 * Kids viewing violent shows can “scare them for life” (Tate)
 * TV violence sometimes begs for imitation because violence is often promoted as a fun and effective way to get what you want (Tate)
 * TV is littered with sex, drugs, and other bad things to do under age (Tate)
 * Most shows don’t show consequences for doing risky behaviors (Tate)
 * Alcohol in shows increased by 30% from 2001 to 2006 (Tate)
 * The less you watch TV the more healthy you are (Tate)
 * Seeing people smoking, drinking on TV making it “look cool” (Tate)
 * While watching TV people tend to (Tate)
 * Commercials affect kids and make them want it (Tate)
 * Children under 6 cant tell the difference between commercials and the actual show (Tate)

mla citation Hitti, Miranda. "Media violence spurs fear, aggression in kids." 2005. .
 * . "The likelihood of aggressive or fearful behavior in younger children, especially boys,"(LM)
 * .some evidence has been known to have led to crime (LM)
 * . Boys were more affected than girls, (LM)
 * .dysfunctional families affect response to media violence (LM)
 * . For example, growing up in a violent family and being a victim of violence or witnessing violence between others is known to have a strong effect on a person's predisposition to act aggressively," (LM)
 * Some kids are more affected by media violence than others.(LM)
 * ` Media violence isn't just tied to aggressive behavior, It can also frightened children (LM)
 * With TV, movies, videos, and computer games, many parents don't know what their kids see every day (LM)
 * in the real world, it can be hard for parents to monitor their children's media habits (LM)
 * "Games with human characters had more effect than abstract violence," (LM)

mla citation hinsliff, gabby. "TV Sex is bad for teenagers- so look away now.." 2005. .   ·. "The likelihood of aggressive or fearful behavior in younger children, especially boys,"(LM)  ·  .some evidence has been known to have led to crime (LM)
 * Sexually graphic reality shows featuring bed-hopping contestants are hampering the drive against teenage pregnancy(LM)
 * Celebrity Love Island, Big Brother are 2 celebrity shows that send teens the message that everyone else is having sex.(LM)
 * 'Just because these programs are on after the watershed doesn't mean your 10-year-old won't hear about them in the play ground.'(LM)
 * lack of sex education at school (LM)

__ media effects on teenagers __. 11/13/08 __ does the media influence anorexia on teens __. 11/13/08
 * Media causes people to do harmful actions (jb)
 * Makes them do things celebrities do (jb)
 * Like partying drugs ect… (jb)
 * Are affected by magazines and TV (jb)
 * Cause teens to go against their religion (jb)
 * Media constantly bombard teens with messages (jb)
 * Like the perfect body ect… (jb)
 * Some teens may become anorexic (jb)
 * Are affected by magazines and TV (jb)
 * Teens are most likely to get anorexia from the media (jb)
 * Also unhealthy actions unprotected sex and drinking ect.. (jb)
 * Are affected by magazines and TV (jb)
 * Some teens may become anorexic (jb)

__ Media wise __. 9/6/02 National Institute on media and the family. 11/14/08 . Childs body image influenced by: How people react to the body and how she looks.(CT) Surveys and stats: Of 9 and 10 yr old girls 40% have tried to lose weight-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (USA Today 1996)(CT)

__ Medical News Today __. Medilexicon International Ltd. 11/14/08 .

actress jamie lynn spears pregnant at 17(CT) sarah palins daughter pregnant at 17(CT) The movie Juno depicted a 16 yr old girl pregnant(CT)

VIACOM Vivendi Universal Walt Disney News Corp
 * MLA Citation ** : Raysuo, __Mass Media Influence on Society__. HubPages. 11/14/2008 .
 * The average child is exposed to 40,000 ads a year (Tate)
 * Media dominated by 5 major companies (Tate)
 * Companies are - Time Warner (Tate)
 * Those companies own 95% of the media (Tate)
 * These companies own theme parks, movie studies, television, radio, networks, programming, video news and sports entertainment (Tate)
 * Some media positive like if you see some thing you want to try that involves physical activity (Tate)


 * MLA Citation: ** __The Media__. Something fishy website on Eating Disorders. 11/14/2008 .
 * Barbie dolls show that being thin and having every thing you want = happiness in life (Tate)
 * Many people think because of Barbie if your thin you will be happy in life (Tate)
 * College students have a lot more stress and a lot more people have eating disorders (Tate)


 * MLA Citation: ** __Media and Eating Disorders__. 11/14/2008 .
 * One out of 3 women are on a diet at any time (Tate)
 * One out of 4 men are on a diet at any time (Tate)
 * 35% of dieters progress into pathological dieting (Tate)
 * 2 out of 5 women would give 5 years of there life to meet there weight goals (Tate)
 * 1 out of 5 men would give 5 years of there life to meet there weight goals (Tate)
 * 1970 the average age a girl staring to diet was 14 (Tate)
 * 1990 average was 8 (Tate)
 * Half of 4th grade girls are on a diet (Tate)
 * 81% of ten-year-old girls are afraid of being fat (Tate)
 * 50% of women wear size 14 or larger, but most standard clothing outlets cater to sizes 14 or smaller (Tate)
 * 30% of women chose an ideal body shape that is 20%, 44% chose an ideal body shape 10% underweight (Tate)
 * Twenty years ago the average fashion model weighed 8% less than the average woman (Tate)
 * Now a model weighs 23% less (Tate)
 * Supermodels Niki Taylor and Elle Macpherson meet the Body Mass Index for Anorexia (Tate)
 * Kate Moss is 5’7” and weights 95 pounds, 30% below ideal body weight (Tate)
 * 80% of women who answered a people magazine survey said that images of women on television and in the movies make them feel insecure (Tate)

__ Sex and Television __. The national campaign to Prevent teen and unpalnned pregnancy. 11/14/08 . “Watching this kind of sexual content on television is a powerful(CT) factor in increasing the likelihood of a teen pregnancy,”(CT) said lead researcher Anita Chandra. “We found a strong association.”(CT) Sexual content on television has doubled in the last few years(CT)

__ Media issues __. Media awareness network. 11/14/08 <http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty.cfm>. age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.(CT) women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids.(CT) The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. - one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control(CT) Unhealthy Weight control-fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomiting.(CT) Canadian Women's Health Network - weight control measures are being taken by girls 5 and 6(CT) study conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9 to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,” - nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting.(CT) In 2003, Teen magazine reported 35 per cent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, (CT) 50 to 70 per cent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. (CT) 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way.(CT)

Mla citation: media effects on teenagers body image 11/14/08


 * Some teens may get Bulimia (jb)
 * teens who is binge eating will eat a large amount of food in a short amount of time (jb)
 * He or she tends to feel out of control and ashamed about the behavior (jb)
 * Binge eating can lead to health problems like high blood pressure and heart disease (jb)
 * A fad diet is one that promises great weight loss results quickly (jb)
 * the weight that you lost will quickly return (jb)
 * modeling industry’s has even begun to wake up to the fact that waif thin models are usually ill
 * the effect media has on teenagers' body image is mostly negative (jb)
 * constant parade of beautiful people on television and in print has fostered negative body images for teens (jb)
 * fad diets are problematic for teens that are still growing (jb)
 * people think that how you look has much to do with your popularity (jb)
 * media gained such control over our lives (jb)
 * people believe that the key to success is looking beautiful on the outside (jb)
 * No one wants to be known as unattractive (jb)
 * the teen that has a great personality, as those are often the keywords to describe someone who is unattractive (jb)
 * magazines that line the shelves of our book and retail stores speak to our infatuation of looking like Hollywood actors and actresses (jb)
 * teens who consume these magazines try to strive for this type of fleeting beauty (jb)
 * runway models had to meet certain weight standards in order to be allowed to model in European fashion shows (jb)
 * Parents can help their teens combat negative body images (jb)
 * parents encourage and accept teens for the way they look right now (jb)
 * Each year thousands of impressionable teens, both girls and boys, fall victim to these eating disorders (jb)
 * teens are unaware of the long-term health issues caused by these diseases (jb)
 * Tooth and hair loss, cancer of the stomach and esophagus, heart problems and even death can result (jb)
 * some people, the desire to have the perfect body is so strong that they are willing to trade their health (jb)

MLA Burgess, Kelly. __Fashion! Beauty! Celebs! Sex! Take a look inside the world of teen magazines__ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  In spite of the summer theme, each magazine promotes sunless tanning and safe sun exposure,(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  More than one model looked as if she should have been in the hospital, not frolicking on the beach. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  Some skinny to the point of scary(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·. How to talk to them, approach them, rate them, understand them, date them, have sex with them and dump them.(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  These magazines are giving young girls bad ideas(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  Lots of pretty detailed information about sex.(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  Parents should not let there young teenage girls buy these magazines.(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  It makes young girls get the wrong idea(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  A cartoon about a girl who takes up mountain biking just to meet boys(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  All these magazines are talking about is what you look like, they don't tell the girls that it's not how you look on the outside but how you are on the inside(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  nearly 200 pages of skinny models and celebrities(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·. Unless your daughter is a fashion model, or in training for a career in fashion and beauty, leave this one on the shelf. Otherwise, age 14 would be fine. (LM) Billitteri, Thomas J. "Cyber bullying." __CQ Researcher__ 18.17 (2008): 385-408. __CQ Researcher Online__. CQ Press. Your library's name, city, state abbreviation. 14 Nov. 2008 <>. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  the use of computers, cell phones, social-networking sites and other technology to threaten or humiliate others(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·   deadly consequences(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  First Amendment rights provide limited guidance to educators grappling with the emerging world of cyber communication, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  sexually explicit rankings of 25 female students(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  the people who are putting these comments and the people who say these things are really mean and cruel(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  13-year-old Megan Meier hangs herself after receiving cruel messages on the social-networking site My Space. She thinks the messages are from a boy she met online, but the messages are a hoax.(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  13-year-old Ryan Patrick Halligan kills himself after months of harassment, including instant messages calling him gay. "He just went into a deep spiral in eighth grade,"(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·     More than 70 percent of heavy Internet users ages 12 through 17 — mostly girls — said they had experienced at least one incident of online intimidation via e-mail, cell phones, chat rooms and other electronic   ** media **   in the previous year(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  Some cyberbullies are angry loners or misfits <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  What fuels cyberbullying is "status in schools — popularity, hierarchies, who's cool, who's not,"(LM) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  It's the in-crowd kids bullying those who don't rank high enough."(LM)

"Violence and Aggression: Media Mayhem Affects Kids." 2007. Great Schools, 11/14/08 <[|http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/974>.]; "Violence in the Media - Psychologists Help Protect Children ." 2004 . American Psychological Association, 11/14/08 <[|http://www.psychologymatters.org/mediaviolence.html>.];
 * Nearly 2 out of 3 TV programs contain violence-MT
 * averaging 6 violent acts per hour-MT
 * The average child who watches 2 hours of cartoons per day-MT
 * may see more than 10,000 violent acts a year-MT
 * more than twice as many violent incidents in children's programming than in other types -MT
 * Teens watch more than 1 hour of TV per day are 4 times to commit aggressive acts in adulthood.- MT
 * kids entering middle school, will have seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 more acts of violence on TV-MT
 * Younger kids are particularly vulnerable to the healt h effects of media violence-MT
 * especially those under 7 who can't easily distinguish between fantasy and reality-MT
 * younger kids have the longer-lasting the effects — particularly in nightmares and increased anxiety from violent media-MT
 * more time spent with violent content, the greater its impact and influence-MT
 * Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others-MT
 * Children may be more fearful of the world around them-MT
 * Children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others –MT

http://www.webmd.com/parenting/news/20050217/media-violence-spurs-fear-aggression-in-kids?src=rss_foxnews
 * "There is consistent evidence that violent imagery in television, film and video, and computer games has substantial short-term effects on arousal, thoughts, and emotions," write Kevin Browne-MT
 * Boys were more affected than girls-MT
 * Age and personality could play a role-MT
 * Mental health problems might also make a difference-MT
 * TV, movies, videos, and computer games, many parents don't know what their kids see every day-MT